Podstawowe encje, bez których trudno się obejść to skróty kodujące <,
&, >, które są częścią składni
(X)HTML i mogą
zostać potraktowane przez parser jako początek znacznika,
początek encji lub koniec znacznika. Jeśli więc przychodzi potrzeba zakodowania tych znaków należy użyć
odpowiednio <, & lub >.
Warto również pomyśleć nad zastosowaniem spacji nierozdzielających które
pozwalają czuwać nad typografią na stronie i nie pozwalają na przenoszenie do nowej linii pojedynczych
literek typu „i”, „a”, „w” itp. Z drugiej strony można pokusić się
o wstawienie pomiędzy sylaby łącznika ukrytego ­, który spowoduje w razie potrzeby
podział słowa wstawiając na końcu linii znak przeniesienia.
­)Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Mauris ornare magna in justo. Duis et orci. Vivamus velit eros, tincidunt in, condimentum in, pharetra et, odio. Nam a tellus. Integer feugiat tempor lacus. Proin mattis est sodales leo. Praesent nec sem. Aliquam erat volutpat. Morbi vel lacus. Nam massa nulla, consequat placerat, ullamcorper et, placerat et, justo. Nunc aliquet placerat tortor. Nullam vel quam eu risus dignissim aliquam. Sed vel metus. Praesent a eros.
­Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Mauris ornare magna in justo. Duis et orci. Vivamus velit eros, tincidunt in, condimentum in, pharetra et, odio. Nam a tellus. Integer feugiat tempor lacus. Proin mattis est sodales leo. Praesent nec sem. Aliquam erat volutpat. Morbi vel lacus. Nam massa nulla, consequat placerat, ullamcorper et, placerat et, justo. Nunc aliquet placerat tortor. Nullam vel quam eu risus dignissim aliquam. Sed vel metus. Praesent a eros.
Efekt takiego formatowanie nie jest idealny, ale poprawia wygląd długich akapitów szczególnie w wąskich kolumnach tekstu.
Dzięki zastosowaniu encji możemy również porządnie zakodować cudzysłowy.
Zamiast głupich
cudzysłowów prostych
'…' lub "…" mamy do dyspozycji prawdziwe cudzysłowy typograficzne. Możemy, więc na stronie
wymalować cudzysłowy apostrofowe „…”, przecinkowe ‚…’, ostrokątne
francuskie «…» albo niemieckie »…« czy też cudzysłowy
definicyjne ‘…’
Poniżej wymienone są wszystki encje dostępne w HTML 4. Z powodu zdefiniowania w arkuszu CSS dla strony czcionek „Trebuchet MS”, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif, niektóre encje mogą nie być wyświetlone.
opis
[ ]no-break space = non-breaking space¡ [¡]inverted exclamation mark¢ [¢]cent sign£ [£]pound sign¤ [¤]currency¥ [¥]yen sign = yuan sign¦ [¦]broken bar = broken vertical bar§ [§]section sign¨ [¨]diaeresis = spacing diaeresis© [©]copyright signª [ª]feminine ordinal indicator« [«]left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet¬ [¬]not sign = angled dash­ [­]soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen® [®]registered sign = registered trade mark sign¯ [¯]macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar° [°]degree sign± [±]plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign² [²]superscript two = superscript digit two = squared³ [³]superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed´ [´]acute accent = spacing acuteµ [µ]micro sign¶ [¶]pilcrow sign = paragraph sign· [·]middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot¸ [¸]cedilla = spacing cedilla¹ [¹]superscript one = superscript digit oneº [º]masculine ordinal indicator» [»]right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet¼ [¼]vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter½ [½]vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half¾ [¾]vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters¿ [¿]inverted question mark = turned question markÀ [À]latin capital letter A with grave = latin capital letter A graveÁ [Á]latin capital letter A with acute [Â]latin capital letter A with circumflexà [Ã]latin capital letter A with tildeÄ [Ä]latin capital letter A with diaeresisÅ [Å]latin capital letter A with ring above = latin capital letter A ringÆ [Æ]latin capital letter AE = latin capital ligature AEÇ [Ç]latin capital letter C with cedillaÈ [È]latin capital letter E with graveÉ [É]latin capital letter E with acuteÊ [Ê]latin capital letter E with circumflexË [Ë]latin capital letter E with diaeresisÌ [Ì]latin capital letter I with graveÍ [Í]latin capital letter I with acuteÎ [Î]latin capital letter I with circumflexÏ [Ï]latin capital letter I with diaeresisÐ [Ð]latin capital letter ETHÑ [Ñ]latin capital letter N with tildeÒ [Ò]latin capital letter O with graveÓ [Ó]latin capital letter O with acuteÔ [Ô]latin capital letter O with circumflexÕ [Õ]latin capital letter O with tildeÖ [Ö]latin capital letter O with diaeresis× [×]multiplication signØ [Ø]latin capital letter O with stroke = latin capital letter O slashÙ [Ù]latin capital letter U with graveÚ [Ú]latin capital letter U with acuteÛ [Û]latin capital letter U with circumflexÜ [Ü]latin capital letter U with diaeresisÝ [Ý]latin capital letter Y with acuteÞ [Þ]latin capital letter THORNß [ß]latin small letter sharp s = ess-zedà [à]latin small letter a with grave = latin small letter a graveá [á]latin small letter a with acuteâ [â]latin small letter a with circumflexã [ã]latin small letter a with tildeä [ä]latin small letter a with diaeresiså [å]latin small letter a with ring above = latin small letter a ringæ [æ]latin small letter ae = latin small ligature aeç [ç]latin small letter c with cedillaè [è]latin small letter e with graveé [é]latin small letter e with acuteê [ê]latin small letter e with circumflexë [ë]latin small letter e with diaeresisì [ì]latin small letter i with graveí [í]latin small letter i with acuteî [î]latin small letter i with circumflexï [ï]latin small letter i with diaeresisð [ð]latin small letter ethñ [ñ]latin small letter n with tildeò [ò]latin small letter o with graveó [ó]latin small letter o with acuteô [ô]latin small letter o with circumflexõ [õ]latin small letter o with tildeö [ö]latin small letter o with diaeresis÷ [÷]division signø [ø]latin small letter o with stroke, = latin small letter o slashù [ù]latin small letter u with graveú [ú]latin small letter u with acuteû [û]latin small letter u with circumflexü [ü]latin small letter u with diaeresisý [ý]latin small letter y with acuteþ [þ]latin small letter thornÿ [ÿ]latin small letter y with diaeresisopis
" ["]quotation mark& [&"#38;#38";]ampersand< [&"#38;#60";]less-than sign> [>]greater-than sign' [']apostrophe = APL quoteŒ [Œ]latin capital ligature OEœ [œ]latin small ligature oeŠ [Š]latin capital letter S with caronš [š]latin small letter s with caronŸ [Ÿ]latin capital letter Y with diaeresisˆ [ˆ]modifier letter circumflex accent˜ [˜]small tilde  [ ]en space  [ ]em space  [ ]thin space‌ [‌]zero width non-joiner‍ [‍]zero width joiner‎ [‎]left-to-right mark‏ [‏]right-to-left mark– [–]en dash— [—]em dash‘ [‘]left single quotation mark’ [’]right single quotation mark‚ [‚]single low-9 quotation mark“ [“]left double quotation mark” [”]right double quotation mark„ [„]double low-9 quotation mark† [†]dagger‡ [‡]double dagger‰ [‰]per mille sign‹ [‹]single left-pointing angle quotation mark› [›]single right-pointing angle quotation mark,€ [€]euro signopis
ƒ [ƒ]latin small letter f with hook = function = florinΑ [Α]greek capital letter alphaΒ [Β]greek capital letter betaΓ [Γ]greek capital letter gammaΔ [Δ]greek capital letter deltaΕ [Ε]greek capital letter epsilonΖ [Ζ]greek capital letter zetaΗ [Η]greek capital letter etaΘ [Θ]greek capital letter thetaΙ [Ι]greek capital letter iotaΚ [Κ]greek capital letter kappaΛ [Λ]greek capital letter lamdaΜ [Μ]greek capital letter muΝ [Ν]greek capital letter nuΞ [Ξ]greek capital letter xiΟ [Ο]greek capital letter omicronΠ [Π]greek capital letter piΡ [Ρ]greek capital letter rhoΣ [Σ]greek capital letter sigmaΤ [Τ]greek capital letter tauΥ [Υ]greek capital letter upsilonΦ [Φ]greek capital letter phiΧ [Χ]greek capital letter chiΨ [Ψ]greek capital letter psiΩ [Ω]greek capital letter omegaα [α]greek small letter alphaβ [β]greek small letter betaγ [γ]greek small letter gammaδ [δ]greek small letter deltaε [ε]greek small letter epsilonζ [ζ]greek small letter zetaη [η]greek small letter etaθ [θ]greek small letter thetaι [ι]greek small letter iotaκ [κ]greek small letter kappaλ [λ]greek small letter lamdaμ [μ]greek small letter muν [ν]greek small letter nuξ [ξ]greek small letter xiο [ο]greek small letter omicronπ [π]greek small letter piρ [ρ]greek small letter rhoς [ς]greek small letter final sigmaσ [σ]greek small letter sigmaτ [τ]greek small letter tauυ [υ]greek small letter upsilonφ [φ]greek small letter phiχ [χ]greek small letter chiψ [ψ]greek small letter psiω [ω]greek small letter omegaϑ [ϑ]greek theta symbolϒ [ϒ]greek upsilon with hook symbolϖ [ϖ]greek pi symbolopis
• [•]bullet = black small circle… […]horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader′ [′]prime = minutes = feet″ [″]double prime = seconds = inches‾ [‾]overline = spacing overscore⁄ [⁄]fraction slashopis
℘ [℘]script capital P = power set = Weierstrass pℑ [ℑ]black-letter capital I = imaginary partℜ [ℜ]black-letter capital R = real part symbol™ [™]trade mark signℵ [ℵ]alef symbol = first transfinite cardinalopis
← [←]leftwards arrow↑ [↑]upwards arrow→ [→]rightwards arrow↓ [↓]downwards arrow↔ [↔]left right arrow↵ [↵]downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return⇐ [⇐]leftwards double arrow⇑ [⇑]upwards double arrow⇒ [⇒]rightwards double arrow⇓ [⇓]downwards double arrow⇔ [⇔]left right double arrowopis
∀ [∀]for all∂ [∂]partial differential∃ [∃]there exists∅ [∅]empty set = null set∇ [∇]nabla = backward difference∈ [∈]element of∉ [∉]not an element of∋ [∋]contains as member∏ [∏]n-ary product = product sign∑ [∑]n-ary summation− [−]minus sign∗ [∗]asterisk operator√ [√]square root = radical sign∝ [∝]proportional to∞ [∞]infinity∠ [∠]angle∧ [∧]logical and = wedge∨ [∨]logical or = vee∩ [∩]intersection = cap∪ [∪]union = cup∫ [∫]integral∴ [∴]therefore∼ [∼]tilde operator = varies with = similar to≅ [≅]approximately equal to≈ [≈]almost equal to = asymptotic to≠ [≠]not equal to≡ [≡]identical to≤ [≤]less-than or equal to≥ [≥]greater-than or equal to⊂ [⊂]subset of⊃ [⊃]superset of⊄ [⊄]not a subset of⊆ [⊆]subset of or equal to⊇ [⊇]superset of or equal to⊕ [⊕]circled plus = direct sum⊗ [⊗]circled times = vector product⊥ [⊥]up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular⋅ [⋅]dot operatoropis
⌈ [⌈]left ceiling = APL upstile⌉ [⌉]right ceiling⌊ [⌊]left floor = APL downstile⌋ [⌋]right floor⟨ [〈]left-pointing angle bracket = bra⟩ [〉]right-pointing angle bracket = ketopis
◊ [◊]lozengeopis
♠ [♠]black spade suit♣ [♣]black club suit = shamrock♥ [♥]black heart suit = valentine♦ [♦]black diamond suit